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Matter as incomplete crystallization: Quark charges, color confinement, and the proton mass from a single extra node in the vacuum lattice

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physo.2026.100423

Published Print: 2026-05

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy

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Kulkarni, Raghu https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8364-7155
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-01

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Article Title: Matter as incomplete crystallization: Quark charges, color confinement, and the proton mass from a single extra node in the vacuum lattice

Journal Title: Physics Open

CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physo.2026.100423

Content Type: article

Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.