Liu, Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-5965
Nie, Xunwei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-8335
Xu, Tengfei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-1742
Wang, Dingqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-3906
Cui, Chaoran https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4817-3908
Shao, Qiuli https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4807-3430
Li, Yunzhou https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-6317
Gong, Xun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-4431
Wei, Zexun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-6973
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qilu University of Technology: The Basic Research Category Projects of the Pilot Integration of Science, Education, and Industry (2023PY044)
Young Taishan Scholars (tsqn202507244)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41806040)
Laoshan Laboratory (LSKJ202202700)
the Major Scientific Research Project for the Construction of State Key Laboratory at Qilu University of Technology (2025ZDGZ01)
the Major Innovation Project of the Science, Education Industry Integration Pilot Project, Qilu University of Technology (2025ZDYS01)
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2022QD070)
Article Title: Inconsistency between mixed layer depth and near sea surface stratification over the global ocean
Journal Title: Environmental Research Letters
Article Type: paper
Copyright Information: © 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
Publication dates
Date Received: 2025-08-18
Date Accepted: 2026-01-23
Online publication date: 2026-02-12