Ou 歐, Po-Sheng 柏 昇 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-8235
Chen 陳, Ke-Jung 科 榮 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4848-5508
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (MOST 110-2112-M-001-068-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 113-2112-M-001-028-)
Academia Sinica (AS-CDA-111-M04)
UC ∣ UCSB ∣ Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara (NSF PHY-2309135)
Aspen Center for Physics (NSF PHY-2210452)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 114-2112-M-001-012-)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 114-2811-M-001-094)
Article Title: Critical Metallicity of Cool Supergiant Formation. II. Physical Origin
Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal
Article Type: paper
Copyright Information: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Publication dates
Date Received: 2025-06-01
Date Accepted: 2026-01-15
Online publication date: 2026-02-26