Zhao, Xinhua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-2646
Liang, Yidan
Xiang, Nanbin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-7453
Kuznetsov, Alexey A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-8372
Feng, Shiwei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9634-5139
Qi, Shiyang
Chai, Jiaqi
Article Title: Improving the Shock Propagation Model of SPM3 by Incorporating the Solar Energetic Particle Flux and the Principal Component Analysis Method
Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal
Article Type: paper
Copyright Information: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Publication dates
Date Received: 2025-11-06
Date Accepted: 2026-01-31
Online publication date: 2026-03-02