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Chapter History

First Online: 25 April 2025

Compliance with Ethical Standards

: All applicable international, national and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This current work was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant number RGPIN/05305) to Richard Oko at Queen’s University, along with the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant number 2023–67015-39262 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Animal Breeding, Genetics & Genomics Program and seed funding from the College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources of the University of Missouri to Peter Sutovsky. Work for this book was also supported by a 2021–2022 Lalor Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship to Lauren Hamilton. The research support to Viv Perry was funded by Australian Research Council (Grant number LP110100649), English Beef and Lamb Executive a division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (Grant number RC3815), Queensland Sperm Morphology Laboratories, Ridley AgriProducts Pty Ltd and the Australian cattle industry. The Canadian Association of Animal Breeders provided the foundation for research by Albert Barth. They supported the Development of the Diagnostic Spermatology Laboratory at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK., along with related support for numerous other research directives. Many grants were also received from Saskatchewan Agriculture, including the Cattle Marketing Deductions Fund, the Horned Cattle Trust Fund, the Cattle Breeders Research Council, the Beef Development Fund and the Agriculture Development Fund. Animal research approval for research or clinical studies summarized in these chapters were given by respective University Animal Care Committees. The authors declare no conflict of interest as there is no perceived interest in prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.