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Chapter History

First Online: 25 May 2025

Ethical Considerations

: This study employed non-invasive passive EEG (electroencephalography) measurements to assess brain activity. EEG is a well-established, safe technique that does not involve any invasive procedures or direct intervention with the body, minimizing any physical risks to participants. All participants in this study were adults and provided written informed consent prior to participation, acknowledging their understanding of the study’s nature, procedures, and potential discomforts associated with the EEG equipment (e.g., mild skin pressure from electrodes). As the study only involved non-invasive measurements and no additional ethical concerns were identified, it was determined that formal ethical approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) was not required. Participants’ privacy and confidentiality were fully protected. All data collected were anonymized and stored securely in compliance with relevant data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR). Only aggregated data were used for analysis, ensuring that individual participants could not be identified. The research team is committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards throughout the study and ensuring that the rights and dignity of all participants are respected.

: It is now necessary to declare any competing interests or to specifically state that the authors have no competing interests.

Conference Information

Conference Acronym: HCII

Conference Name: International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction

Conference City: Gothenburg

Conference Country: Sweden

Conference Year: 2025

Conference Start Date: 22 June 2025

Conference End Date: 27 June 2025

Conference Number: 27

Conference ID: hcii2025

Conference URL: https://2025.hci.international/