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Chapter History

First Online: 1 October 2025

Author Contribution

: Jimmy Gallegos developed the CAD components and wrote the manuscript.Fernando Pusda created the augmented reality application and integrated artificial intelligence into Unity.Together they developed the deep learning model training and dataset validation.Ciro Radicelli carried out the state-of-the-art review.All the authors reviewed and approved the final version of the article.

: The dataset used for this study was collected and prepared using publicly available images and is hosted on the Roboflow platform. The dataset can be accessed on under the project name “Car Parts Human-in-the-Loop”. Access to the dataset may require creating an account or requesting permission through the platform.

: The 3D models used in the augmented reality application were designed in SolidWorks and are available at []. The source files can be shared upon request to the authors.

: The source code used for training the AI model and its implementation in Unity is available in the GitHub repository: []. Any questions about the implementation can be addressed to the authors.

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve human subjects or animals, so ethical approval was not required.

: Not applicable. This study does not include identifiable human data that require consent for publication.

: Not applicable. No human subjects participated in this study.

Conference Information

Conference Acronym: XR Salento

Conference Name: International Conference on Extended Reality

Conference City: Otranto

Conference Country: Italy

Conference Year: 2025

Conference Start Date: 17 June 2025

Conference End Date: 20 June 2025

Conference ID: avr2025

Conference URL: https://www.xrsalento.it