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Chapter History

First Online: 17 May 2025

Author Contribution Statement

: Bilal Ahmad Khan contributed to the overall conceptualization, led the research design, and coordinated the manuscript’s development. Ijaz Rasool Noorka provided expertise in data analysis, and statistical methods, and played a key role in writing the methodology and results sections. J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison contributed to the theoretical framework, integrating advanced scientific perspectives, and reviewed the final manuscript. Muhammad Ather Nadeem assisted with research implementation and co-wrote parts of the discussion and conclusion. Tehreem Zehra supported data collection, analyzed key findings, and contributed to the writing of the introduction. Hussam F. Najeeb Alawadi contributed to the research design and provided valuable feedback on manuscript revisions. Sheza Ayaz supported the writing process and assisted in reviewing and editing the manuscript. Sabir Jamil worked on the literature review, providing critical insights and analysis. Muhammad Mubashar Zafar assisted with data analysis, co-wrote the methodology section, and helped in finalizing the draft. FNU Abdullah contributed to research execution and provided support in data visualization and manuscript revision. Abdul Wahid played a key role in the manuscript’s final editing and proofreading to ensure clarity and consistency. Bismark Anokye provided guidance on research methods, contributed to writing and editing, and ensured the chapter’s scientific rigor.