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Chapter History

First Online: 17 May 2025

Authors Contribution Statement

: Faiza Munir conceptualized the chapter, provided overall coordination, and led the writing and revision process. Tayyaba Bint Tariq contributed to the methodology section, data collection, and analysis. Saba Azeem assisted with the literature review and contributed to drafting key sections. Sarah Fatima provided critical insights into the theoretical framework and participated in editing the final manuscript. Javed Iqbal offered expertise in data interpretation, and statistical analysis, and reviewed the manuscript for accuracy. Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi contributed to the research design and analysis, adding depth to the case study sections. Shoaib Khan assisted in structuring the discussion and provided valuable input in the conclusion. Syeda Anber Zahra contributed to data visualization and co-wrote several sections of the manuscript. Majid Hussain provided editing support, ensuring consistency and clarity across all sections.