Chu, Xiaoyong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4931-388X
Gao, Qiyuan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3867-7722
Liu, Hongkai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-7487
Ma, Teng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-4246
Yang, Chengjie https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0938-1065
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (E4146602)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (E4EQ6605X2)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (E5ER6601A2)
Chinese Academy of Sciences Pioneer Initiative Talent Introduction Plan (E4ER6601A2)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (E4EQ6602X2)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (E514660101)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0012704)
Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Revised: 22 March 2026
Accepted: 19 April 2026
First Online: 15 June 2026
Copyright Information
Copyright Statement: 2026 The Author(s)
Copyright Holder: The Author(s)
Copyright Year: 2026