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Authors
Iqbal, Shahzad Zafar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-1404
Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull
Waseem, Muhammad
Mohammad, Osama A.
Ali, Sajad
Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (NRPU 5574)
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2024
Revised: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: The authors affirm that the research was conducted ethically and in compliance with relevant ethical norms and approvals, and they declare that they have no competing financial interests. Moreover, ethical approval for this investigation was secured from the Institutional Review Board (GCUF).
: The data did not require an Institutional Review Board statement; however, written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study.
: Written informed consent was obtained from the participants in the study.
