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Authors
Tu, Bizhi
Zhu, Zheng
Li, Yan
Zhu, Zhengming
Wang, Shijie
Lu, Peizhi
Li, Ya
Yang, Shuo
Hu, Dingtao
Fang, Run
Ning, Rende
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Article History
Received: 19 July 2025
Revised: 27 November 2025
Accepted: 30 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (First People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China) (2024-306-01) and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( , ChiCTR2500102943). This study utilized surgical waste materials and morning blood samples collected from participants. The study did not involve any direct health care interventions on human participants.
: Not applicable.
