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Genetic depletion of the early autophagy protein ATG13 impairs mitochondrial energy metabolism, augments oxidative stress, induces the polarization of macrophages to the M1 inflammatory mode, and compromises myelin integrity in skeletal muscle

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-025-02158-6

Published Online: 2026-01-27

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Toriola, Mubaraq A

Timlin, Emma

Bulbule, Sarojini

Reyes, Amy

Adedeji, Omolola Mary

Gottschalk, C Gunnar

Barua, Animesh

Arnold, Leggy A

Roy, Avik
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (1R21NS129021-01)

Solve ME/CFS Initiative (Ramsay Award 2023)

Foundation Hesse Sibylla
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-27

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-27
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Article History

Received: 22 July 2025

Revised: 1 December 2025

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 27 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: No part of this research article, including im-ages and texts, has been published or reproduced before in any book, article, or other published literature. The images are original and not copied from any other sources.

: All the authors provided their consent to publish this original research article.

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