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Authors
Dai, Min
Jiang, Yuxiong
Wang, Yuanyuan
Huang, Dawei
Wang, Yu
Hu, Yifan
Gao, Yunlu
Yu, Qian
Shi, Yuling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2508106)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82430101, 82273510)
Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2025GDZKZD06)
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Revised: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 28 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This study was approved by the medical ethics committees of the following institutions: Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital (approval No. 2020-36), Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (approval No. 2020-KY-047K), Shanghai Changzheng Hospital (approval No. 2020-27), and Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital (approval No. 20KT110). All participants provided written informed consent for the publication of their clinical data.
