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Article History

Received: 19 January 2026

Revised: 14 April 2026

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 11 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

: This study analyzed publicly available summary statistics and de-identified data from previously published studies and repositories. These include GWAS summary statistics from Fernandez-Rozadilla et al. and de Lange et al.; single-cell transcriptomic datasets from Khaliq et al. and Boland et al.; a healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) single-cell multiomics (ATAC + Gene Expression) dataset; as well as functional genomic data from the GTEx (v8) database, the 1000 Genomes Project (Phase 3), and developmental atlases (Tabula Muris and gsMap resources). The original studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from their respective Institutional Review Boards or Ethics Committees. Informed consent was obtained from all participants in the primary studies. As this research involved only the computational analysis of de-identified, publicly available, or summary-level data, no additional ethical approval was required for the present study, in accordance with institutional guidelines for secondary data analysis.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain data from any individual person that would require consent for publication. All data used are aggregated summary statistics or anonymized datasets previously published with appropriate consent.