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TNF-α in traumatic brain injury: a bidirectional effect in regulating neuroimmune and inflammatory responses

Published Online: 2025-10-30

Authors

Zhang, Meng

Xie, Jiangang

Ma, Yuexiang

Wang, Linxiao

Liu, Lin

Zhang, Peiyu

Dai, Zheng

Zhang, Qi

Yin, Wen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8108-1951
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-30

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-30
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Article History

Received: 16 January 2025

Revised: 12 May 2025

Accepted: 11 June 2025

First Online: 30 October 2025

Declarations

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: Not applicable.

: The authors give consent for publication.

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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