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Article History

Received: 9 April 2025

Revised: 5 August 2025

Accepted: 14 September 2025

First Online: 26 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was reviewed by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University with the reference number 2018-FSMYK-001, and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and the principles of Good Clinical Practice. All participants provided written informed consent prior to study enrollment. 

: All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Southern Medical University with the reference number laec-2023-127, and adhered to the World Medical Association (WMA) guidelines for Ethical Experiments and European Union (EU) recommendations (Directive 2010/63/EU) on animal welfare and experimental design. We also followed the “3R principle” (Reduce, Replace, Refine) to ensure that anesthesia, analgesia, and humane endpoint procedures were consistent with international standards. Additionally, the animal housing and experimental environment complied with the accreditation requirements of the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC).

: All authors have read the final manuscript and approved the manuscript for publication.

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.