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Authors
Alwady, Mohammed
Mottram, Nigel J.
Penta, Raimondo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Khalid University
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/S030875/1)
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Revised: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no conflict of interest as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
