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Authors
Robinson, K. M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1696-6202
Mabry, Z. C.
Schonekas, H. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7239-9974
López, K. Y. Robles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2203-854X
Johnson, A. N. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3217-5097
Cipriani, G.
Nguyen, A.
Ziemke, C. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-4579
Baudier, K. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-3788
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Southern Mississippi
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Article History
Received: 21 August 2024
Revised: 20 January 2025
Accepted: 22 January 2025
First Online: 28 February 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Insects are not currently subject to IACUC ethical regulations; therefore, no ethical approval was required for this study. However, we have adhered to the ethical guidelines of the Insect Welfare Research Society in our experimental design (Fischer et al. ). Beetles were housed according to conditions reported by previous research (Buchler et al. ; King and Fashing, ; Reyes-Castillo and Jarman, ) and according to our habitat measurements taken in the field. Despite our best efforts to minimize negative welfare impacts, early during the first collection period, two colonies totaling nine adult beetles died before any trials occurred, possibly from desiccation. After increasing the frequency of water misting, no more deaths occurred. Aside from this isolated incident, beetles potentially experienced stress during trials from the stridulation playback and when being handled such as during the initial collection, paint-marking, and between trials. Following the experimental trials, all beetles were returned to the locations where they were initially collected.
