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Authors
Maebed, Ahmed
Mhd Bakri, Yuhanis
Omar, Yasser M.
Syed Abdul Azziz, Saripah Salbiah
Abdel-Aal, Abu-Baker M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/WAB13/UPSI/03/1, Grant Code 2023-0090-108-02)
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
