Graf, I.
Bock, N. C.
Bartzela, T.
Röper, V.
Schumann, U.
Reck, K.
Christ, H.
Höfer, K.
Fritz, U.
Wiechmann, D.
Jost-Brinkmann, P.-G.
Wolf, M.
Ruf, S.
Braumann, B.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universität zu Köln
Article History
Received: 19 November 2020
Accepted: 28 March 2021
First Online: 17 June 2021
Declarations
:
: I. Graf, N.C. Bock, T. Bartzela, V. Röper, U. Schumann, K. Reck, H. Christ, K. Höfer, U. Fritz, D. Wiechmann, P.-G. Jost-Brinkmann, M. Wolf, S. Ruf and B. Braumann declare that they have no competing interests. One of the authors, D. Wiechmann, founded the company that made the lingual brackets mainly used in this study. Yet, D. Wiechmann and I. Graf—as well as all other authors—declare that this had no influence on the present study, its data analyses and research outcome.
: This multicenter cohort study was approved by all corresponding ethics committees with the leading one being the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Cologne (#14-425). The recruitment and monitoring procedures were defined with the Clinical Trials Center of the University Hospital of Cologne prior to study start. Written informed consent to participate in the form of signed informed consent from patients and, if applicable, from their legal guardians was mandatory.