Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Krohn, Paula
Kirschneck, Christian
Abuabara, Allan
Daratsianos, Nikolaos
Proff, Peter
Miranda de Araújo, Cristiano
Fonseca de Souza, Gabriela
Baratto-Filho, Flares
Beisel-Memmert, Svenja
Calvano Küchler, Erika
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Bonn
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 21 August 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This cross-sectional study was conducted on radiographs taken from orthodontic patients in Germany treated at the University Hospitals of Regensburg and Bonn. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations were followed for the research report. This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Bonn (number 19-1549-101) and Regensburg University (ID 19-1549-101). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants and their legal guardians.
