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Authors
Singer, Ludwig https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7817-4823
Sprügel, Maximilian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-9553
Becker, Jeannette https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0370-7880
Lücking, Hannes
Gerner, Stefan T.
Schwab, Stefan
Dörfler, Arnd
Engelhorn, Tobias
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
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: L. Singer, M. Sprügel, J. Becker, H. Lücking, S.T. Gerner, S. Schwab, A. Dörfler and T. Engelhorn declare that they have no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the European Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice, and applicable local legislation (BayKrG Art. 27 (4)). For the stroke groups, the investigation was part of the Stroke Research Consortium in Northern Bavaria (STAMINA; , NCT04357899) and received approval from the local institutional review board of Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Germany (No 62_21B). For the non-stroke control group, given the retrospective design of the study, informed consent and the requirement for formal ethical approval were waived in accordance with federal legislation (Gesundheitsdatennutzungsgesetz Art. 6) and institutional requirements.
