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Authors
Schwab, Roland
Zschenderlein, Nike
Boese, Axel
Klebingat, Stefan
Behme, Daniel
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
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: R. Schwab, N. Zschenderlein, A. Boese, S. Klebingat and D. Behme declare that they have no competing interests.
: The requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the responsible ethics committees due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data. Where applicable, participants or their legal representatives had previously provided general consent for the use of clinical data in research.
: Ethical approval was obtained as required according to the guidelines of the local ethics committees (Ethics Committee, Medical Faculty of Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany). This anonymous retrospective study, which was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, fulfils the guidelines of the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. The data has been legally collected in accordance with § 15 paragraph 5 (University Hospital Magdeburg).
