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Article History

Received: 18 January 2026

Accepted: 11 February 2026

First Online: 13 March 2026

Competing interests

: DISCLOSURES The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: CH reported receiving personal fees from Eppdata GmbH outside the submitted work. AH reported receiving personal fees from Eppdata GmbH outside the submitted work. LM reported receiving personal fees from Eppdata GmbH outside the submitted work. GB reported receiving compensation as a speaker from Balt and personal fees from Eppdata GmbH outside the submitted work. TDF reported grants from the German Research Foundation (DFG) (Project Number: 411621970) and personal fees from Eppdata GmbH outside the submitted work. HK reported an ownership stake in Eppdata GmbH and compensation from Eppdata GmbH for consultant services outside the submitted work. FF reported receiving personal fees from Eppdata GmbH outside the submitted work. MB reports grants and personal fees from Acandis, Cerenovus, MicroVention, Tegus and Balt outside the submitted work. CT reported receiving personal fees from Eppdata GmbH outside the submitted work. GT reported receiving personal fees from Acandis, Alexion, Amarin, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo, Portola, and Stryker outside the submitted work. JF reported an ownership stake in Eppdata GmbH and grants and personal fees from Acandis, Cerenovus, MicroVention, Medtronic, Stryker, Phenox and grants from Route 92 outside the submitted work. LW reported receiving personal fees from Eppdata GmbH outside the submitted work. All other authors reported no disclosure.