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Article History

Received: 15 February 2026

Accepted: 26 May 2026

First Online: 11 June 2026

Declarations

:

: B. Cepni, L. Hoeltgen, D. Neugebauer, V. Batista, N. Arians, J. Liermann, L. Wessel, M. Vinsensia, S. Harrabi, H. Waldsperger, T. Tessonnier, J. Hörner-Rieber, J. Debus, and E. Meixner declare that they have no competing interests. Outside the submitted work, J. Liermann received travel fees from RaySearch Laboratories AB, Varian Medical Systems, Inc.—A Siemens Healthineers Company, and Micropos Medical as well as speaker’s fee from Accuray Incorporated and AstraZeneca. JL is part of the Medical Advisory Board of RaySearch Laboratories AB. Outside the submitted work, J. Hörner-Rieber received speaker fees from ViewRay Inc., Pfizer Inc., Accuray Sarl, Sanofi, and Astra Zeneca as well as travel reimbursement from Varian Medical Systems and research grants from IntraOP Medical and Varian Medical Systems. Outside the submitted work, J. Debus reports grants or contracts from RaySearch Laboratories AB, Vision RT Limited, Merck Serono GmbH, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, PTW-Freiburg Dr. Pychlau GmbH, and Accuray Incorporated. JD holds a leadership or fiduciary role at the Heidelberger Ionenstrahl Therapiezentrum (HIT; CEO) and the University Hospital Heidelberg (board of directors).