Ahmed, Nasim
Greenberg, Patricia
Article History
Received: 11 July 2018
Accepted: 4 December 2018
First Online: 25 January 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of Meridian Health and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. Since the study was done using a de-identified National database from the American College of Surgeons that is available to all researchers, this study was exempted from IRB review as per policy.
: Given that this study was done using a de-identified National database from the American College of Surgeons that is available to all researchers, this study was exempted from IRB review as per policy and no informed consent was required.