Lee, Danny http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-1529
Lee, Ryan
Tran, Andrew
Shah, Nidhi
Heyer, Jessica H.
Hughes, Alice J.
Pandarinath, Rajeev
Article History
Received: 1 August 2019
Accepted: 16 September 2019
First Online: 25 September 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: No IRB approval was required as this study utilized the ACS-NSQIP Database—a nationwide publicly available database with de-identified patient information. Therefore, no informed consent was required.