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Article History

Received: 7 February 2026

Accepted: 19 April 2026

First Online: 27 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (IRB No. B202405014).

: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.