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Authors
Koch, Daniel Anthony
Hagebusch, Paul
Hackenberg, Lisa
Pavlu, Florian
Jakobi, Tim
Münzberg, Matthias
Lefering, Rolf
Schweigkofler, Uwe
Faul, Philipp
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2026
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: Participation in TraumaRegister DGU ® and analysis of data are approved by the participants’ institutional ethical review boards. This study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Informed consent was not required due to the retrospective design of the study and the use of pseudonymized data from the TraumaRegister DGU ® . Data collection is conducted in accordance with national regulations and institutional ethical standards. Since 2018, a data protection declaration has been obtained from all conscious patients within the TraumaRegister DGU ® .
: The TR-DGU gave permission for publication. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and gave permission for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
