Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Anees, Houmam https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2427-0841
Heiss, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-162X
El Khassawna, Thaqif https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-8578
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 7 May 2026
Accepted: 20 July 2026
First Online: 24 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was not required for this study because it was based exclusively on anonymised, aggregated administrative data obtained from the publicly available German Federal Health Monitoring (GBE) database and the German Institute for the Hospital Remuneration System (InEK). No individual-level patient data were used; therefore, informed consent was not required.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
