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Article History

First Online: 10 July 2019

Compliance with ethical guidelines

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: J. Erlenwein: Speakers fees paid by Grünenthal, Aachen/Germany, and Braun Melsungen, Melsungen/Germany; German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI, Nuremberg/Germany), member of the working party on pain medicine; German Pain Society, Berlin/Germany, spokesperson for the working party on acute pain, member of the ad hoc commission on certification, working party on back pain. W. Meißner: Speakers fees paid by Bionorica, BioQ-Pharma, TAD, Mundipharma int., Menarini, Grünenthal; DGAI 2. spokesperson for the working party on pain medicine; German Pain Society—member of the executive committee. F. Petzke: German Pain Society—member of the permanent advisory council, working party on pain medicine; German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI, Nuremberg/Germany), member of the working party on pain medicine. E. Pogatzki-Zahn (past 5 years): Speakers fees paid by Grünenthal, Mundipharma, MSD and MERCK Sharp and Dome, Braun; TAD-Pharma, consulting fees (advisory board/consulting) paid by Grünenthal, Mundipharma, JanssenCilag, AcelRx, MSD and MERCK Sharp and Dome, Fresenius Kabi, Trials (third-party funds WWU): Mundipharma and Grünenthal; International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP, Washington DC, USA): Council member; Chair IASP Acute Pain Special Interest Group, PRF (Pain Research Forum) editorial board; German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI, Nuremberg/Germany), recording clerk for and member of the working party on pain medicine, lead appointee to the acute pain guideline; German Pain Society, Berlin/Germany: member of the executive committee (recording clerk), spokesperson for the research commission, member of the ad hoc commission on certification, member ad hoc specialization, advisory board member for Pain2020, member of the working party on acute pain; European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA): Chair subcommittee 8 (acute and chronic pain and palliative care); Member of the working group “Prospect” (ExternalRef removed). U. Stamer: Speakers fees paid by Grünenthal, Syntetica; German Pain Society, Berlin/Germany, spokesperson for the working party on acute pain. W. Koppert: German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI)—executive committee—spokesperson for the working party on pain medicine; German Pain Society—executive committee (spokesperson for the expert advisory committee); Advisory board Grünenthal, Aachen/Germany Product: Zalviso; Lecturing for Grünenthal, CSL Behring; Departmental partnerships, without personal emolument: Dräger, Lübeck/Germany (respiratory technologies); Storz, Tuttlingen/Germany (airway management); Abbott, Wiesbaden/Germany (simulation).

: For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies performed were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.