Alhabbab, Rowa Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-9967
Mastronicola, Daniela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-7499
Lombardi, Giovanna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4496-3215
Scottà, Cristiano https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3942-5201
Funding for this research was provided by:
LUPUS UK
Diabetes UK (24/0006776)
Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust
BD Biosciences
Rosetrees Trust
Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Revised: 23 November 2025
Accepted: 30 November 2025
First Online: 27 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Guy’s Hospital under reference number 09/H0707/86.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.