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Article History

Received: 4 December 2025

Revised: 17 April 2026

Accepted: 22 April 2026

First Online: 28 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Patient samples were collected between 2016 and 2024 in context of four ongoing clinical studies. The use of patient samples was approved by the Finnish National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health (V/39,706/2019), regional ethics committee of the University of Turku (51/1803/2017, 166/1801/2015), University of Turku Hospital (T295/2023, 64 /1801/2022, T0/021/18 and T180/2013-1), Auria biobank scientific board (AB19-6863 and AB18-2741), the regional ethics committee of the wellbeing services county of Southwest Finland (3/1801/2013) and the regional ethics committee of the Central Finland Healthcare District, Jyväskylä medical center (KSSHP/3U/2015). All experiments were undertaken with the understanding and written consent of the patients and the study methodologies conformed to the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki. Clinical trial number: not applicable.

: Harri Sihto is a shareholder in Sartar Therapeutics Oy. Juha K. Rantala is the founder of Misvik Biology Oy and an employee of Orion Pharma. Kiesha Rice, Janne Suhonen, and Eetu Välimäki are employees of Misvik Biology Oy. Noora Lehtinen and Juha Kononen are employees of Docrates Mehiläinen Oy. The other authors have declared no competing interests.