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Article History

Received: 29 May 2026

Revised: 23 June 2026

Accepted: 26 June 2026

First Online: 4 July 2026

Declarations

:

: In Switzerland, the study was approved by the Ethics committees of Zurich and Bern (BASEC-Nr: 2022 − 01566). All participants provided written informed consent for further use of health-related personal data and biological material (including archived frozen serum and CSF) for research purposes. In Spain, patients’ clinical information and serum samples from the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Barcelona and Vall d`Hebron Barcelona Hospital were collected from their clinical records and included in a neuromuscular disease database and biobank. The neuromuscular disease database and biobank were approved by the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau’s and Vall d`Hebron Barcelona Hospital) ethics committee. Every patient included in the study signed an informed consent form.

: All authors have contributed to, reviewed and approved the final manuscript for publication.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.