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Article History

Received: 26 April 2016

Accepted: 4 July 2016

First Online: 9 August 2016

Funding

: We are pleased to acknowledge financial support from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme PEVNET (FP7/2007-2013, grant agreement number 261441). The participants of the PEVNET consortium are described at . Additional support was provided by a Diabetes Research Wellness Foundation Non-Clinical Research Fellowship and, since 2014, a JDRF Career Development Award (5-CDA-2014-221-A-N) to SJR. KD-J has received grants from the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Novo Nordisk Foundation and through the PEVNET Consortium. The research was also performed with the support of nPOD, a collaborative type 1 diabetes research project sponsored by JDRF International (JDRF 25-2013-268 to MAA, including a subcontract to JSK), and of JDRF research grants awarded to the nPOD-V Consortium (JDRF 25-2012-516 to AP and JDRF 25-2012-770 to MAA). Additional funding was provided by JDRF to CEM (JDRF 47-2013-520) and from the National Institutes of Health (UC4 DK104155) to ICG and MvH (R01 AI092453).

: The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript.

: SJR and NGM designed the study, performed data analysis and interpretation, and drafted, revised and approved the manuscript. TR-C, ICG, MZ, MAR and PL performed data collection, analysis and interpretation, and revised and approved the manuscript. LK and KD-J collected patient material, and revised and approved the manuscript. ICG and CEM designed the Affymetrix array component of the study, and revised and approved the manuscript. JSK provided statistical expertise, and revised and approved the manuscript. MvH, AP and MAA provided critical interpretation of the data, and revised and approved the manuscript.SJR and NGM are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.