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Article History

Received: 4 January 2023

Accepted: 28 February 2023

First Online: 24 May 2023

Acknowledgements

: The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions.

: The ARIC data are not publicly available due to confidentiality issues. Investigators can access data from the ARIC study by submitting a manuscript proposal to aricpub@unc.edu.

: The ARIC study has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract numbers HHSN268201700001I, HHSN268201700002I, HHSN268201700003I, HHSN268201700005I and HHSN268201700004I. Collection of neurocognitive data was funded by U01 2U01HL096812, 2U01HL096814, 2U01HL096899, 2U01HL096902 and 2U01HL096917 from the NIH (NHLBI, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], National Institute on Aging [NIA] and National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders [NIDCD]); previous brain MRI examinations were funded by R01-HL70825 and biomarkers by R01-HL134320 from the NHLBI. PLL was supported NIH/NHLBI grant K24 HL159246. RFG was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program. ES was supported by NIH/NHLBI grants K24 HL152440 and R01 HL158022, NIH/NIDDK grants R01 DK089174 and R01 DK128837, and NIH/NIA grant RF1 AG074044.

: ES is on the advisory board for <i>Diabetologia</i> and had no role in peer-review of the manuscript. All other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: JH, MF, JC and ES designed the study, researched the data and contributed to discussion. JH conducted the analyses and wrote the initial manuscript. All authors provided substantial contributions to the interpretation of data, made critical revisions to the manuscript and approved the final manuscript. JH is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study, controlled the decision to publish and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The corresponding author, ES, attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.

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