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Article History

Received: 10 July 2023

Accepted: 19 September 2023

First Online: 5 December 2023

Acknowledgements

: We are grateful to all individuals included in the different cohort studies. We thank F. Allegaert, and T. Beke (Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes [EGID], Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France) and M. Vieubled (4P-Pharma, Lille, France) for their technical assistance. Data from this article were obtained as part of the PhD thesis of S. Meulebrouck entitled ‘Impact of rare genetic variants on the etiology of type 2 diabetes’ (2020). Several data from this article have been previously exposed during an oral presentation entitled ‘The impact of rare pathogenic variants of <i>GLIS3</i> on type 2 diabetes’ at the 58th EASD Annual Meeting (2022).

: Data regarding variants from TOPMed and 52K studies are available on the AMP Type 2 Diabetes Knowledge Portal via this link: .Data regarding <i>GLIS3</i> variants from the GnomAD browser (v2.1.1) via this link: Other data are available upon request to the corresponding author.

: We thank ‘France Génomique’ consortium (ANR-10-INBS-009). This work was supported by grants from the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-46 [European Genomics Institute for Diabetes] and ANR-10-EQPX-07-01 [LIGAN-PM]), from the European Research Council (ERC OπO – 101043671, to AB), and from the National Center for Precision Diabetic Medicine – PreciDIAB, which is jointly supported by the French National Agency for Research (ANR-18-IBHU-0001), by the European Union (FEDER), by the Hauts-de-France Regional Council and by the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL).

: SM, PF and AB conceptualised and designed the study. SM, VS, RB, HL and MBaron contributed to functional analysis of each variant. BT, EV and AD performed sequencing experiments. MBoissel and AB performed statistical analyses. MD performed computer analyses. BB, GC, SF, MM, MV and PF contributed to collection of cohort data. SM and AB wrote the first draft of this manuscript. SM and AB have accessed and verified all the data from this study. SM, AB and PF are responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole. All the authors revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.

: AB is a member of the Editorial Board of <i>Diabetologia</i>. The authors declare that they have no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.