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Article History

Received: 31 July 2023

Accepted: 12 October 2023

First Online: 14 December 2023

Acknowledgements

: We thank participants and staff of the Copenhagen City Heart Study, the Copenhagen General Population Study, UK Biobank and the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium for their generous participation. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 81614.

: Aggregated data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study may be available on reasonable request to the corresponding author. UK Biobank is a publicly available resource, available upon application to UK Biobank. Summary data from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium are publicly available.

: Open access funding provided by Royal Library, Copenhagen University Library. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

: BGN reports consultancies/talks for AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Regeneron, Ionis, Amgen, Kowa, Denka, Amarin, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Esperion, Abbott, Silence Therapeutics, Ultragenyx, Mankind and Lilly. The other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: MB and FE conceptualised the study. MB, BGN, SA and FE contributed to data collection, data preparation or both. FE and MB did the statistical analyses and FE drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed substantially to study design and data interpretation, and reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and have approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. MB is the guarantor of this work.