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Article History

Received: 17 October 2023

Accepted: 4 January 2024

First Online: 22 February 2024

Acknowledgements

: This article is based in part on data from the CPRD obtained under license from the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. CPRD data are provided by patients and collected by the UK National Health Service (NHS) as part of their care and support. Approval for CPRD data access and the study protocol was granted by the CPRD Independent Scientific Advisory Committee (eRAP protocol number: 22_002000). This publication is based in part on research using data from GSK that has been made available through secured access. GSK has not contributed to or approved, and is not in any way responsible for, the contents of this publication. The PRIBA study was funded by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Doctoral Research Fellowship (DRF-2010-03-72, AGJ) and supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network. The authors thank the members of the Predicting Response to Incretin Based Agents (PRIBA) study group and all cohort participants (see for a list of PRIBA study group members). ATH and BMS are supported by the NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility; the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. PC, KGY, JB, TJM and JMD are supported by Research England’s Expanding Excellence in England (E3) fund. The authors acknowledge contributions from the wider MASTERMIND consortium who supported this work (see for a list of MASTERMIND consortium members). The authors acknowledge support from the National Institute for Health and Care Research Exeter Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

: The UK routine clinical data analysed during the current study are available in the CPRD repository (CPRD; ), but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. For re-using these data, an application must be made directly to CPRD. Data from Scotland are anonymised real-world medical records available by request through the Scottish Care Information-Diabetes Collaboration, Tayside & Fife, Scotland unit (). Clinical trial data are not publicly available for access an application must be made directly to GSK and .

: All R code used for the analysis is provided at .

: This research was funded by the Medical Research Council (UK) (MR/N00633X/1) and a BHF-Turing Cardiovascular Data Science Award (SP/19/6/34809).

: APM declares previous research funding from Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer and AstraZeneca. BAM holds an honorary post at University College London for the purposes of carrying out independent research, and declares payments to their institution from the Medical Research Council (MRC), Health Data Research UK (HDRUK) and British Heart Foundation (BHF). NS declares personal fees from Abbott Diagnostics, Afimmune, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Sanofi and grants to his University from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis and Roche Diagnostics. RRH reports research support from AstraZeneca, Bayer and Merck Sharp & Dohme, and personal fees from Anji Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Novartis and Novo Nordisk. JB is an employee of Novo Nordisk, outside of the submitted work. ERP has received honoraria for speaking from Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Illumina. AGJ has received research funding from the Novo Nordisk foundation. Representatives from GSK, Takeda, Janssen, Quintiles, AstraZeneca and Sanofi attend meetings as part of the industry group involved with the MASTERMIND consortium. No industry representatives were involved in the writing of the manuscript or analysis of data. For all authors these are outside the submitted work. All other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work

: PC, JMD, BMS, TJM, ATH, AGJ and ERP conceived and designed the study. PC, with support from JMD, BMS and TJM analysed the data and developed the code. KGY, RH and APM helped with curating the CPRD dataset. ATNN, PK, EH and LD helped analyse the Scottish independent dataset. All authors contributed to the writing of the article, provided support for the analysis and interpretation of results, critically revised the article and approved the final article. TJM and JMD are the guarantors of this work.