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Article History

Received: 19 November 2023

Accepted: 23 February 2024

First Online: 22 April 2024

Acknowledgements

: The authors would like to thank the study personnel of the PROVALID study and the general practitioners who collaborated with the PROVALID study. Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the 60th ERA Congress meeting in 2023.

: The datasets generated during and/or analysed in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and after discussion of the request within the PROVALID steering committee.

: Open access funding provided by University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck. This project has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No. 115974 (BEAt-DKD). The Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA and JDRF. Any dissemination of results reflects only the author’s view; the Joint Undertaking is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Additional support was provided by the project DC-ren, that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 848011. Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.PROVALID was funded in part by the European Union (grant agreement No. 241544, Systems Biology towards Novel Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Treatment) and in part by AbbVie, Inc.The study sponsors/funders were not involved in the design of the study; the analysis and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.

: SD has received a congress support (coverage of the registration fee) from AstraZeneca in 2021 and a lecture fee from Boehringer Ingelheim in 2023. GM is the Principal Investigator of DC-ren and the PROVALID study and member of the BEAt-DKD consortium. HJLH has received research grants for clinical trials from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, NovoNordisk, consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chinook, CSL Behring, Dimerix, Eli Lilly, Fresenius, Gilead, Janssen, NovoNordisk, Novartis, Travere Therapeutics, lecture fees from AstraZeneca and NovoNordisk and support for attending meetings from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly. AW was on the Steering Committee of the ASCEND Study sponsored by GSK and received lectures fees from Fresenius, Bayer, Chiesi, ROCHE, AstraZeneca and Astellas. PBM reports grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, GSK, Pharmacosmos and Astellas, outside the submitted work. PP is also an employee at Delta4 GmbH. AK received consultancy fees from CSL Vifor, Otsuka, Walden Biosciences, Catalyst Biosciences and Delta4; research grants and honoraria for lectures from CSL Vifor and Otsuka, and travel grants from Otsuka. VR, FK, ST, SE, LR, JL and HO declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: SD, FK and GM conceptualised and planned the study. VR and HO performed LC-MS/MS analyses. SE, HJLH, LR, AW, PBM and GM are investigators of the PROVALID study and provided substantial contribution to the acquisition and interpretation of the data. FK conceived and conducted the statistical analysis and created the figures. ST, PP, JL and AK provided substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work and interpretation of the data. SD wrote the first draft of the manuscript. VR, FK, ST, SE, HJLH, LR, AW, PBM, PP, JL, AK, HO and GM provided valuable input, reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors approved the final draft. SD, FK and GM are the guarantors of this work.