Sterner Isaksson, Sofia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-3629
Imberg, Henrik http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-663X
Hirsch, Irl B. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8417
Schwarcz, Erik http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-3192
Hellman, Jarl http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-5511
Wijkman, Magnus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4757-9051
Bolinder, Jan http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-0142
Nyström, Thomas http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-7990
Holmer, Helene http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-6485
Hallström, Sara http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-5267
Ólafsdóttir, Arndís F. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-2512
Pekkari, Sofia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3877-6974
Polonsky, William
Lind, Marcus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-9283
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Swedish State under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-966173)
University of Gothenburg
Article History
Received: 10 November 2023
Accepted: 28 February 2024
First Online: 26 April 2024
Acknowledgements
: The authors thank all participating sites and staff as well as participants of the GOLD and SILVER trials who made this study possible. Part of this work was presented at the 16th International Conference on Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes; Berlin, Germany, 22–25 February 2023.
: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available. They are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
: Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg. This was an investigator-initiated trial that was financed by grants from the Swedish state under an agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils (ALFGBG-966173). Dexcom Inc. provided CGM systems and financial support for the original GOLD and SILVER trials. The study funders were not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data or writing the report, and did not impose any restrictions regarding publication of the report.
: ES serves on advisory boards for Abbott and Sanofi, and has received lecture payments from Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly and Novo Nordisk. IBH has received research grants from Dexcom, and received honoraria or fees for consulting with Abbott Diabetes Care, Hagar and embecta. JB has received honoraria for consulting and/or lecture fees from Abbott Diabetes Care, the MannKind Corporation, Nanexa, Nordic InfuCare, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. JH serves or has served on advisory boards for Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim and Abbott, and has received lecture payments from Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Rubin Medical, Nordic Infucare, Bayer, Amgen, Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk. ML has received research grants from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk and been a consultant or received honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Nordic Infucare, Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk. MW has served on advisory boards or lectured for MSD, Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi, and has organised a professional regional meeting sponsored by Eli Lilly, Rubin Medical, Sanofi, Novartis and Novo Nordisk. SH has lectured for Novo Nordisk. TN has received unrestricted grants from AstraZeneca and Novo Nordisk, and has served on national advisory boards for Amgen, Abbot, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Eli Lilly, MSD and Boehringer Ingelheim. WP has received research support from Dexcom and Abbott Diabetes Care, and has received honoraria for consulting from Dexcom and Abbott Diabetes Care. The remaining authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: SSI drafted the manuscript and HI performed the statistical analyses. HI, ML and SSI designed the study. All authors interpreted data, contributed to critical revision of the manuscript, and approved the final version of the manuscript. ML is the guarantor of this work, and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.