Winther-Sørensen, Marie http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-1385
Garcia, Sara L. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-2318
Bartholdy, Andreas
Ottenheijm, Maud E. http://orcid.org/0009-0005-6837-9170
Banasik, Karina http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2489-2499
Brunak, Søren http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-5866
Sørensen, Charlotte M.
Gluud, Lise Lotte
Knop, Filip K. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-5034
Holst, Jens J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-3805
Rosenkilde, Mette M. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9600-3254
Jensen, Majken K. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4729-7545
Wewer Albrechtsen, Nicolai J. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4230-5753
Funding for this research was provided by:
Augustinus Fonden (20-1914, 21-1518)
European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (NNF21SA0072746)
Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond (1052-00003B)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14CC0001, NNF17OC0027594, NNF19OC0055001)
Copenhagen University
Article History
Received: 13 December 2023
Accepted: 13 March 2024
First Online: 6 May 2024
Acknowledgements
: This research uses data provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support, copyright © (2023), NHS England. Re-used with the permission of UK Biobank. This research used data assets made available by National Safe Haven as part of the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation. We acknowledge the UK Biobank and the study participants. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 61785. We furthermore thank S. Stender, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark for fruitful discussions on genetic variants and analyses hereof. The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com.
: All data used in this work can be acquired from the UK Biobank (). All coding is available through . Nomenclature used by Olink, matching the UniProt database, can be downloaded from .
: Open access funding provided by Copenhagen University. NJWA is supported by NNF Excellence Emerging Investigator Grant – Endocrinology and Metabolism (Application No. NNF19OC0055001), EFSD Future Leader Award (NNF21SA0072746) and DFF Sapere Aude (1052-00003B). NNF Center for Protein Research is supported financially by the NNF (grant agreements NNF14CC0001 and NNF17OC0027594). Access to UK Biobank data was funded by the Augustinus Foundation (grants 20-1914 and 21-1518).
: NJWA has received research support and speaker fees from Mercodia, Novo Nordisk, Merck, MSD and Boehringer Ingelheim. LLG has received research support and speaker fees from Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Becton Dickinson, Alexion, Gilead, Sobi, Alexion, Immunovia, Norgine, Pfizer and Astra Zeneca. SB has received non-financial support from Danish National Genome Center, Proscion and Intomics and owns stocks in Intomics, Hoba Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk and Lundbeck. MKJ has received research support and speaker fees from Novo Nordisk and Pfizer. JJH has served on scientific advisory panels and/or received research support and/or speaker fees from Novo Nordisk, MSD Denmark, and Mayo Clinic and is co-founder and owns stock in Antag Therapeutics and Bainan Biotech. All other authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: MW-S and NJWA conceived the study idea. MW-S, SLG and MEO analysed exome sequencing data. MW-S, AB and MKJ performed survival analyses. MW-S analysed proteomics data and performed association analyses. MW-S and NJWA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Every author substantially contributed to the interpretation of the data, revised the manuscript and accepted the final version of the manuscript. NJWA is the guarantor of this work.