Singh, Tarini http://orcid.org/0009-0006-0638-6882
Weiss, Andreas http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-0576
Vehik, Kendra http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-6772
Krischer, Jeffrey http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-888X
Rewers, Marian http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3829-9207
Toppari, Jorma http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-334X
Lernmark, Åke http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0499
Hagopian, William http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-0475
Akolkar, Beena http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2351-5942
Bonifacio, Ezio http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-4713
Ziegler, Anette-G. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-5548
Winkler, Christiane http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-3687
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK63829, U01 DK63861, U01 DK63821, U01 DK63865)
Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH)
Article History
Received: 9 January 2024
Accepted: 18 April 2024
First Online: 31 May 2024
Data availability
: Data from the TEDDY study ( []) reported here will be made available for request at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Central Repository (NIDDK-CR) Resources for Research (R4R) ().
: The TEDDY study is funded by U01 DK63829, U01 DK63861, U01 DK63821, U01 DK63865, U01 DK63863, U01 DK63836, U01 DK63790, UC4 DK63829, UC4 DK63861, UC4 DK63821, UC4 DK63865, UC4 DK63863, UC4 DK63836, UC4 DK95300, UC4 DK100238, UC4 DK106955, UC4 DK112243, UC4 DK117483, U01 DK124166, U01 DK128847 and Contract No. HHSN267200700014C from the NIDDK, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and JDRF. This work is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Clinical and Translational Science Awards to the University of Florida (UL1 TR000064) and the University of Colorado (UL1 TR002535). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The work was supported by funds from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ 01KX1818) and by the Deutscher Diabetiker Bund e.V. (DDB). The funding sources were not involved in the design or conduct of the study; the collection, management, analysis or interpretation of the data; the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: TS, AW and CW performed the analyses. CW contributed substantially to data acquisition. A-GZ and EB supervised the statistical analyses. A-GZ, MR, JT, WH and AL are the principal investigators of the TEDDY study. TS, CW, AW, A-GZ and EB were involved in the interpretation of the results and preparation of the manuscript. KV, JK, MR, JT, AL, WH and BA were involved in interpretation of the data. All authors revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and approved the version to be published. CW takes responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole.