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Article History

Received: 13 February 2024

Accepted: 19 April 2024

First Online: 30 May 2024

Acknowledgements

: The authors thank all the volunteers who participated in the study, and T. Aatsinki, E. Lehtimäki and A. Kokko (Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland) for expert technical assistance.

: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of sensitivity.

: Open Access funding provided by University of Helsinki (including Helsinki University Central Hospital). The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Finnish Cultural Foundation (HAK, SS); Finska Läkaresällskapet (HAK); Helsinki University Hospital (funding from hospital administration and governmental subsidy for research [HAK]); Jalmari and Rauha Ahokas Foundation (HAK); Liv och Hälsa Foundation (HAK); Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation (PK); Sigrid Jusélius Foundation (PK); and Research Council of Finland (grants 127093 and 258753 to HAK, grant 339900 to PK). The study funders were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: SM, SS, PK and HAK designed the study. HAK and SM collected the muscle biopsies. SM, SS, TA-N, HK, PK and HAK acquired, analysed and interpreted the data. SM, SS and HAK drafted the article, which was reviewed and edited critically for important intellectual content by TA-N, HK and PK. SM and HAK revised the article with input from all authors. All authors read and approved the final version for publication. HAK is the guarantor of this work and, as such, has full access to all the data in the study, and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.