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Article History

Received: 29 January 2024

Accepted: 30 April 2024

First Online: 22 July 2024

Acknowledgements

: Specimens and services were provided by the GU001 protocol and the UC Davis Shared Biorepository Resource, as well as the UC Davis Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. The authors owe a debt of gratitude to I. Feldman, R. Clarke, A. G. Proffitt and R. Sacchi (UC Davis Shared Biorepository Resource, Davis, CA, USA) for their solid knowledge base, peerless expertise and work ethics, meticulous and productive work and incredible collaborative spirit.

: All data, code and materials used in the analysis are present in the paper or the and are also available via the Enable Medicine portal ().

: This work was supported by Richard A. and Nora Eccles Foundation award A20011, the Richard A. and Nora Eccles Harrison Endowed Chair in Diabetes Research and the Depner Endowed Chair in Nephrology Research (MA). The UC Davis Shared Biorepository Resource is funded by a UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center support grant awarded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI P30CA093373).

: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.

: AK performed the bulk of the data analyses and contributed to writing the manuscript and generating figures. MM contributed to data analyses, generating figures and writing the methods section of the manuscript. RP performed the bulk of the multiplex immunofluorescence experiments. HA, AET and AL contributed to data analysis and interpretation, and writing the manuscript. ZW contributed to data analysis and writing the methods section of the manuscript. HBD’A contributed to the biomarker panel optimisation and design. DN, HKB, CRV and AR contributed to the image analysis. HKB, CRV, LNL and AR contributed to the data generation and literature review. AR contributed to the literature review and image analysis. NW and SSH contributed to study idea and image analysis. MD’E contributed to the acquisition of data and drafting of the manuscript. K-YJ reviewed all tissues, determined DKD classes, contributed to the idea and study design and critically reviewed the data. ATM contributed to the idea and study design, directed the performance of studies and bioinformatic analysis of the data and generated figures. MA serves as the guarantor for this study, accepting primary responsibility for the integrity of this work as a whole and the conduct of the study. She had access to the data and controlled the decision to publish. She also accepts responsibility for the study idea, experimental design, selection of tissues and regions of interest for generation of the tissue microarray, generation of figures, writing of the manuscript and performing some of the data analyses. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript version to be published.