Haukka, Jani K. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-0923
Antikainen, Anni A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2488-6830
Valo, Erkka http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0672-554X
Syreeni, Anna http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-2560
Dahlström, Emma H. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-8696
Lin, Bridget M.
Franceschini, Nora http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-2175
Krolewski, Andrzej S.
Harjutsalo, Valma http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-9779
Groop, Per-Henrik http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-6954
Sandholm, Niina http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-6942
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
Helsinki University Hospital Research Funds (EVO TYH2018207)
Munuaissäätiö
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF23OC0082732, NNFOC0013659)
Research Council of Finland (299200, 316664)
Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö
Wilhelm och Else Stockmanns Stiftelse
Folkhälsanin Tutkimussäätiö
Liv och Hälsa Society
the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation
University of Helsinki
Article History
Received: 20 December 2023
Accepted: 10 June 2024
First Online: 6 August 2024
Acknowledgements
: We are indebted to the late Carol Forsblom (1964–2022), the international coordinator of the FinnDiane Study Group, for his considerable contribution. The skilled technical assistance of H. Krigsman, H Olanne, M. Parkkonen, M. Korolainen, A. Sandelin, J. Tuomikangas and Kirsi Uljala (Folkhälsan Research Center, Finland) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge all the physicians and nurses at each centre who took part in enrolment and clinical characterisation of the participants (see ESM Table for a list of the study centres and investigators involved in the FinnDiane study). The THL Biobank GWAS data used for the research were obtained from the THL Biobank (study number THLBB2021_10). We thank all study participants for their generous participation in the THL Biobank and THL Diabetes Studies. The ELIXIR Finland node, hosted at the CSC-IT Center for Science for ICT resources, enabled processing of the WES and WGS data.
: The FinnDiane WES and WGS datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available as the participants’ written consent does not allow data sharing. Collaborations to research individual-level data may be proposed by correspondence with the lead investigator.
: Open Access funding provided by University of Helsinki (including Helsinki University Central Hospital). This study was supported by funding from the Folkhälsan Research Foundation, the Wilhelm and Else Stockmann Foundation, the Liv och Hälsa Society, Munuaissäätiö, Helsinki University Hospital Research Funds (EVO TYH2018207), the Academy of Finland (299200 and 316664), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNFOC0013659 and NNF23OC0082732), the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation.
: P-HG has served on advisory boards for AbbVie, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Medscape, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi, and has received lecture honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Elo Water, Medscape, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. P-HG has also received investigator-initiated grants from Eli Lilly and Roche. The remaining authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: JKH performed data processing and statistical analysis, and wrote the original draft. AAA performed data processing and produced the intergenic variant analysis pipeline. AS, EHD and EV contributed to GWAS data processing and WGS patient selection, and reviewed the manuscript. BML and NF performed the replication in the TOPMed study, ASK provided proteomics measurements, VH contributed to the acquisition of data and P-HG contributed to the conception or design of the work and data interpretation and supervised the work. NS contributed to data analysis and investigation, design of the study, edited the manuscript and supervised the work. All authors reviewed the manuscript and approved the version to be submitted, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. JKH and NS guarantee and accept full responsibility for the work.