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Article History

Received: 8 February 2024

Accepted: 17 June 2024

First Online: 6 August 2024

Data availability

: The datasets presented in this article are not readily available due to legal restrictions on sharing the dataset as regulated by the Valencia regional government by means of legal resolution by the Valencia Health Agency [2009/13312] which forbids the dissemination of data to third parties (accessible at: ). Upon request, authors can allow access to the databases to verify the accuracy of the analysis or the reproducibility of the study. Requests to access the datasets should be directed to the Management Office of the Data Commission in the Valencia Health Agency (email: solicitud_datos@gva.es; telephone numbers: +34 961-928207; +34 961-928198).

: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

: All authors are employed by FISABIO, a research body in Spain affiliated with the Health Department of the Valencia Government. FISABIO signed a Collaboration agreement (2021-25) with RTI International, to conduct regulatory-driven research on patterns of management and incidence of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with diabetes and kidney disease, unrelated to the present work.

: IH, AG-S, and GS-G were responsible for the study concept, design and data acquisition. IH and CR carried out the data preparation and the statistical analysis and AG-S drafted the manuscript. All authors participated in the analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the final version submitted for publication. GS-G, IH and AG-S had full access to all the data and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work were appropriately investigated and resolved.