You, Lu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-2060
Ferrat, Lauric A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3166-9685
Oram, Richard A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-8980
Parikh, Hemang M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-6709
Steck, Andrea K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-9484
Krischer, Jeffrey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-888X
Redondo, Maria J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5871-4645
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK121843)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK061010)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK061034)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK061042)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK061058)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK085461)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK085465)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK085466)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK085476)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK085499)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK085509)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK103153)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK103180)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK103266)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK103282)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK106984)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK106994)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK107013)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK107014)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (UC4 DK106993)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (UC4 DK117009)
JDRF
Article History
Received: 18 March 2024
Accepted: 18 June 2024
First Online: 6 August 2024
Acknowledgements
: The authors would like to acknowledge the TrialNet participants and their families, and research staff and investigators who directly or indirectly contributed to the studies.
: Clinical data analysed for this study are available in the NIDDK Central Repository at , in accordance with the NIDDK’s controlled-access authorisation process. The proposed method developed by the authors may be implemented using the R package ‘SurvivalClusteringTree’ released at the Comprehensive R Archive Network ().
: This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK121843). The Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group is a clinical trials network currently funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, through the cooperative agreements U01 DK061010, U01 DK061034, U01 DK061042, U01 DK061058, U01 DK085461, U01 DK085465, U01 DK085466, U01 DK085476, U01 DK085499, U01 DK085509, U01 DK103180, U01 DK103153, U01 DK103266, U01 DK103282, U01 DK106984, U01 DK106994, U01 DK107013, U01 DK107014, U01 DK106993, UC4DK117009, and JDRF. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the manuscript.
: MJR is a member of the editorial board of Diabetologia. RAO has a grant to study Genetic Risk Scores for autoimmune diseases from Randox (this did not fund any work relating to this manuscript). The University of Exeter has a licensing and royalty agreement with Randox for a 10 SNP T1D GRS (not analysed in the current manuscript). The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: MJR and JK designed the study and conceptualised the analysis. HMP processed the genetic data. LY performed the analysis and led the writing of the manuscript. LAF, RAO, HMP, AKS, JK, and MJR interpreted the data, reviewed the manuscript critically for important intellectual content, and approved the final version. LY, LAF, and HMP contributed to the software for implementing the method. LY is responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole.
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