Tanabe, Hayato http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-8032
Sato, Masahiro
Miyake, Akimitsu http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-1412
Shimajiri, Yoshinori
Ojima, Takafumi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-0574
Narita, Akira http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-0710
Saito, Haruka
Tanaka, Kenichi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4655-9355
Masuzaki, Hiroaki http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-1047
Kazama, Junichiro J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-2660
Katagiri, Hideki http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-3704
Tamiya, Gen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-415X
Kawakami, Eiryo http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-4342
Shimabukuro, Michio http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-7665
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant numbers 23K15397 to HT, 22K11729 to MS)
Japan Science and Technology Agency (Moonshot R&D Program grant number JPMJMS2023 to HK, grant number JPMJPF2301 to EK)
Article History
Received: 1 March 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2024
First Online: 21 August 2024
Acknowledgements
: The authors thank H. Ohashi and R. Sato for their assistance and data sampling. We thank all the staff at the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan for their support in participant selection.
: The most relevant data generated or analysed during this study are included in this manuscript and the . Further datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
: The funding sources acknowledged in this study were not involved in any aspects of the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, writing or decision to publish this manuscript. This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JPSP) (grant no. 23K15397 to HT and 22K11729 to MS). This work was also supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) (grant no. JPMJPF2301 to EK) and by JST (Moonshot R&D Program grant no. JPMJMS2023 to HK).
: The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: HT and MSh designed the study protocol. HT, MSa, YS, HS, KT, JJK and MSh enrolled participants and provided clinical care to participants enrolled at their respective institutions. EK contributed to an idea of ML model using RF algorithm and provided the statistical analysis plan and HT and MSh analysed data. HT and MSh interpreted data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. AM, TO, AN, and GT contributed to ML interpretation and HM and HK contributed to interpretation of the diabetes clustering data and reviewed the article critically for important intellectual content. All authors reviewed and provided critical revisions to the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript to be published. MSh is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.